Gene transcription is a highly regulated and dynamic process, occurring at variable but measurable speeds depending on the organism, gene length, and cellular context. In eukaryotic cells, RNA polymerase II, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA), transcribes DNA at an average rate of approximately 1.5 to 4 kilobases per minute. This means that a gene 10 kilobases in length could take anywhere from 2.5 to 7 minutes to be fully transcribed. Transcription rates may be influen