Horizontal gene transfer can be achieved by several mechanisms, and it relies on genetic vectors. Viruses (called bacteriophages or phages, which infect bacteria) are one example of such a vector; ...

An international collaboration has achieved an important breakthrough in understanding the genetic mechanisms that allow bacteria to build resistance to drugs. Bacteria have multiple defence ...

We used a mathematical model and experiments with laboratory populations of Escherichia coli to examine conditions for the evolution of plasmids conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics. In our ...

Classical fluctuation and scattering theory has enabled the study of equilibrium properties such as molecular mass, size and intermolecular interactions of synthetic and biological macromolecules.