This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of historical and modern accounts of scleractinian evolutionary relationships and ...

Strange fossils, including some that could be predecessors to modern animals, found in China shed new light on the evolution of large, complex organisms, and indicate that they may have diversified ...

Paleozoic marine ecosystems were marked by a diverse array of symbiotic interactions that have left a lasting imprint on the evolutionary history of life. These associations, ranging from mutualistic ...

Study of the osteology of the nominal families Retropinnidae, Galaxiidae, and Aplochitonidae shows that the Retropinnidae and Galaxiidae are natural phyletic units, and good families. The family ...

Andrew Taylor-Robinson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations ...

What does ecology have to do with me? Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections ...

THE study of form has revealed the importance of convergence in the evolution of plants and animals, as well as the inevitable influence of laws of growth which apply to creatures whatsoever their ...

Food chains and food webs and/or food networks describe the feeding relationships between species in a biotic community. In other words, they show the transfer of material and energy from one species ...

Between predator-prey and competitive relationships, it may seem that organisms are alone in the world, fighting to survive and reproduce. But many organisms have evolved cooperative strategies for ...

All multicellular creatures interact with bacteria, but some have taken the relationship to another level with highly specialized structures that house, feed, and exploit the tiny organisms. For the ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

How is it possible to move in the desired direction without a brain or nervous system? Single-celled organisms apparently manage this feat without any problems: for example, they can swim towards food ...