It isn’t unusual to expect a precisely regulated voltage in an electronic project, but what about times when you need a ...

If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

A bi-directional current source for a grounded load will always have some complication in its construction. The improved Howland Current Pump as shown in Figure 1 is the most frequent choice for this ...

The op amp-based current sensing circuit described here is not new, it has been around for some time, but with very little discussion of the circuit itself. Somewhere along the line it was informally ...

Download this article in PDF format. When you connect the gate to the source of a JFET (junction field-effect transistor), it becomes a two-terminal current source. The current that will flow is ...

Frederik Dostal explains the rise of the ideal diode and how it can be used to develop more robust power systems.

In my previous article on photovoltaic (PV) systems (“The Highs and Lows of Photovoltaic System Calculations” in the July 2012 issue), I went through methods to calculate the changes in voltage due to ...