In a previous Java 101 tutorial, you learned how to better organize your code by declaring reference types (also known as classes and interfaces) as members of other reference types and blocks. I also ...

Some things only matter to the true nerd. So, if you're looking for a genuinely useful article, this isn't it. While gurus would like to claim that all issues are black and white, that's not even ...

With nullable reference types in F# 9, F# now has a type-safe way to deal with reference types that can have null as a valid value. While F# was designed to avoid null, it nevertheless can creep in ...

Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a reference, so it will not change when copying the ...

The ability to work with any programming language requires a good understanding of the data types it offers in order to comprehend the language’s possibilities and limitations. In this article, I look ...