Optimal control problems, which form a central pillar in applied mathematics and engineering, involve determining control strategies that steer physical, economic or biological systems to achieve a ...

The Takagi--Sugeno (T--S) fuzzy descriptor system offers a promising avenue for controlling non-linear systems but lacks optimal control strategies. Moreover, while robust control methods have been ...

Optimal control problems are mathematical formulations used to determine control strategies that yield a desired outcome while minimising a prescribed cost function. In many applications, these ...

Existing ship control systems using Model Predictive Control for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) do not consider the various forces acting on ships in real sea conditions. Addressing this gap ...