Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Hard problems are usually not a welcome sight. But cryptographers love them. That’s because certain hard math problems underpin the security of modern encryption. Any clever trick for solving them ...

Encryption is one of several cornerstones of a robust information security program. Articles on quantum computing often include the compelling narrative that encryption is at risk, but as with any ...

For thousands of years, if you wanted to send a secret message, there was basically one way to do it. You’d scramble the message using a special rule, known only to you and your intended audience.

Quantum computing may prove to be an existential threat to Bitcoin, but human panic and slow preparation are bigger ...

This article seeks to provide a practical understanding of the risks posed by quantum computing on modern day encryption standards. In assessing those risks, companies and individuals should consider ...