Consider a set of independent identically distributed random variables indexed by $Z^d_+$, the positive integer $d$-dimensional lattice points, $d \geqq 2$. The ...

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Inhalt: Renewal theory deals with the finer structure of random walks with positive drift, that is, sums of independent, identically distributed random variables with positive mean. In the more ...

Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...