1. Relations and Functions Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.

The input argument fun refers to an IML module that specifies a function that returns f, a vector of length m for least-squares subroutines or a scalar for other optimization subroutines. The returned ...

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and ...

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Support your confidence in this topic by refreshing your knowledge of substitution and changing the subject of formulae. A function takes an input value, applies a rule to it, and produces an output ...