There is an art to making good measurements. In the ideal case, you want a really sensitive measuring device so that you can measure the smallest of changes to the signal you are interested in. But ...

How to quantify the power-supply noise sensitivity of signal-processing chain loads. How to calculate the maximum acceptable power-supply noise. Strategies to meet power-domain sensitivity with ...

Music labels and equipment suppliers hope that high-resolution-audio formats, such as DVD-Audio and SACD (Super Audio CD), will be the latest in a string of mostly successful upgrade “pitches” ...

This article will review flow cytometry to help readers understand the challenges faced when increasing flow cytometer SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). Quick review: What is flow cytometry? Flow cytometry ...

The ratio of the power or volume (amplitude) of a signal to the amount of disturbance (the noise) mixed in with it. Measured in decibels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, S/N) measures the clarity of the ...

The term peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is an expression for the ratio between the maximum possible value (power) of a signal and the power of distorting noise that affects the quality of its ...

Many noise sources can plague high-speed radio-frequency (RF) analog signal chains, making design considerations that much more challenging. Both megahertz and sub-terahertz sampling-rate converters ...

We begin with a brief review of concepts covered in Part 1 of the series. Noise is any unwelcome electrical phenomenon in an electrical system. Depending on its origin, noise can be classified as ...

In my initial column last month, I talked about why I prefer charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras over hand-held digital ones. This month, I continue my discussion of CCD imaging by examining something ...

Two years ago, a medical professional approached scientists at the University of Tabriz in Iran with an interesting problem: Patients were having headaches after pacemaker implants. Working together ...