If your introduction to digital electronics came more years ago than you’d care to mention, the chances are you did so with 5V TTL logic. Above 2V but usually pretty close to 5V is a logic 1, below ...
In electronic and industrial automation systems, relay modules play a crucial role by allowing low-power control signals to switch high-power devices. Selecting between a 5V relay module and a 12V ...
The project illustrates the control of a PC fan speed and using an Arduino microcontroller to read a LM35 temperature sensor. The use of an optocoupler is covered along with Pulse Width Modulation ...